Whether you already live in Belgium or are considering moving there, you are entering an international and accessible job market at the heart of Europe. Unemployment is moderate (around 6.5%), but many "shortage occupations" struggle to recruit, creating real opportunities. Whether you are looking for a job, an internship or an apprenticeship, this guide explains how to succeed, region by region.
Why work in Belgium?
Because, despite moderate unemployment, the country has a high vacancy rate (close to 4%) and persistent shortages in several sectors. Brussels, the EU capital, also concentrates institutions and international organizations.
- Brussels, the capital of Europe: institutions, lobbying, international organizations.
- Many shortage occupations, despite unemployment around 6.5%.
- A market open to many languages (French, Dutch, English).
- Strong proximity to France, easing relocation.
How does the Belgian labor market work?
It is deeply regionalized, with three distinct markets. Flanders, Dutch-speaking, is the most dynamic and competitive; Brussels is bilingual and international; Wallonia, French-speaking, is more affordable. Each region publishes its own shortage occupation list, worth checking to target your search.
- A regionalized market: Flanders (Dutch), Brussels (bilingual), Wallonia (French).
- Official "shortage occupation" lists by region.
- High youth unemployment (over 17%), so standing out matters.
- Regional public employment services: Actiris, Forem, VDAB.
Which sectors hire the most in Belgium?
Shortages concentrate in tech, health and engineering, while retail, health-social and industry remain the largest employers.
- IT and technology, in demand across the country.
- Health and social work, a top employer.
- Engineering and industry (chemicals, manufacturing).
- Logistics and transport, around the Port of Antwerp.
- European institutions and business services (Brussels).
Which cities should you target in Belgium?
Each major city has its specialty and dominant language, to factor into your search.
- Brussels: European institutions, services, international headquarters (but high rents).
- Antwerp: logistics, port, diamonds and industry (Dutch-speaking).
- Ghent: technology, biotech and research.
- Liège and Namur: industry and services in Wallonia, more affordable.
Work permit: the steps for foreigners
EU nationals work freely. For others, the single permit (residence + work) applies, requested by the employer with the region of the workplace, with salary thresholds by profile.
- EU/EEA: free access to the labor market.
- Non-EU: single permit, with a salary threshold for skilled profiles (around €3,700/month in Brussels, more in Wallonia).
- The application is regional and handled by the employer.
- Specific rules apply to internships and recent graduates.
Salaries and cost of living: what to expect
The cost of living is around €1,700 per month for one person, with strong regional gaps. Housing is much pricier in Brussels (a studio around €1,100) than in Wallonia (around €670). Taxation is high but offset by many extra-legal benefits (meal vouchers, company car).
- A cost of living around €1,700/month, lower in Wallonia.
- Widespread extra-legal benefits, to factor into net pay.
- Liège and Namur offer the best value for money.
How to find a job, internship or apprenticeship in Belgium?
Direct contact with companies remains one of the most effective channels, especially with the many SMEs.
- Targeted unsolicited applications (see below).
- Networking and referrals.
- Regional employment services (Actiris, Forem, VDAB).
- Fairs, job days and student forums.
The unsolicited application: the key to Belgium's hidden job market
Many Belgian employers, especially SMEs, hire without posting an ad. The unsolicited application lets you position yourself early by targeting the companies that match your project and the shortage occupations directly.
- You access roles invisible on job boards.
- You show specific interest in the company.
- You stand out in a regionalized, competitive market.
- You build a direct contact, often decisive with SMEs.
Succeeding in your professional integration: our tips
A few habits strongly increase your chances, especially when arriving from abroad.
- Adapt your CV to the language of the target region.
- Learn some basic Dutch if you target Flanders.
- Aim for occupations on the region's shortage list.
- Activate your network and attend professional events.
Your next steps to work in Belgium
Choose the region and language that fit your profile, prepare a clear CV, then contact your target companies directly, prioritizing shortage occupations. Its proximity to France and low language barrier make Belgium a very accessible destination.